Feminism, Gender Roles Madame Bovary, By Gustave Flaubert

INTRO TO CONCEPT OF FEMINISM, GENDER ROLES Madame Bovary, by Gustave Flaubert, was one of the most significant novels during the period of the French Revolution. This work of art was one of the most provoking of its time due to its unromantic nature, which was very eccentric compared to his contemporaries. Instead of centering this literary work on romanticism, Flaubert depicted adultery and literary theories such as feminism. These aspects of literature were not common in France, and were taboo at the time. Flaubert constructed this work to represent his perception of the French society through the characters in Madame Bovary. Flaubert allows the reader to observe the routines and the psychology of the characters in correlation to the setting of the novel. Madame Bovary gives the realistic view of the French way of life for a woman at this time with a feministic approach. However, although Flaubert depicts feministic theory in Madame Bovary, one can research more historical facts about feminism in France during time frame th at the work was published. The origination of French feminism begins with the French Revolution. Prewar, French were null of political rights and were considered passive citizens; they had to depend on men to make decisions for them. Women were expected to play their traditional roles: the wife, mother and housekeeper. However, during the French Revolution women gained several important responsibilities, and played critical roles of patriotism.Show MoreRelatedCritical Theory2567 Words   |  11 PagesChoose 2 theories from Semester 1 and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the theories’ application. In this essay two theories will be examined in regards to their advantages and disadvantages, when applied. For this, Feminism and Post-Colonialism will be used, as both theories unite in their aim to deconstruct the dominant ideologies and stereotypes in a patriarchal and imperialistic ‘white European male ’ dominated society, thus overthrowing centuries of colonization, subordinationRead MoreCritical Theory2551 Words   |  11 PagesChoose 2 theories from Semester 1 and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the theories’ application. In this essay two theories will be examined in regards to their advantages and disadvantages, when applied. For this, Feminism and Post-Colonialism will be used, as both theories unite in their aim to deconstruct the dominant ideologies and stereotypes in a patriarchal and imperialistic ‘white European male ’ dominated society, thus overthrowing centuries of colonization, subordination

Christianity And Its Impact On The United States - 1448 Words

Christianity in the Commonplace Since before the United States was founded, the ideals of Christianity have been integrated into the government in some way, shape, or form. In the early days of the Colonies, Christianity was the centerfold for all government affairs; however, after the constitution was ratified and deemed effective in the United States, the First Amendment was born. The first amendment states that, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (source). In the early life of the United States, the†¦show more content†¦Lehman Institute claims that he was a skeptical man, but one theme stood out to him, â€Å"God is so great, I am so small.† The Constitutional Convention was held over the course of three months, starting in May and ending in September; during the convention, delegates from the states came to debate on governmental issues concerning the Constitution (University of Missouri- Kansas City). During the convention, Franklin wrote to George Washington, who was president at the time, â€Å"I therefore beg leave to move, that henceforth prayers imploring the assistance of Heaven, and its blessings on our deliberations, be held in this Assembly every morning before we proceed to business, and that one or more of the Clergy of the City be requested to officiate in that service† (wb) â€Å"In response to Franklin s appeal, Virginia s Mr. Randolph offered a counter proposal. He recommended that a ‘sermon be preached at the request of the convention on the 4th of July, the anniversary of Independence, thence forward prayers be used in ye Convention every morning’† (Ferrand pg. 451). Once t he request was granted, a chaplain prayed every morning before beginning the transactions of business for the day. The term â€Å"a wall of separation between church and state† first came from Thomas Jefferson, himself, in a response letter to Danbury Baptist association’s letter of concern regarding the church’s insecurity stemming from that with the new constitution in effect, theyShow MoreRelatedChristianity And Its Impact On The World And The United States1345 Words   |  6 PagesIn the last few hundred years there have been three new views on Christianity to take root in society and impact the world and they were; Neo-Orthodox, Evangelism and Liberalism. These three had quite the impact of the faith throughout Europe and the United States. The three had varying ideals, but it some case overlapped. However, Neo-Orthodoxy seems to be the most effective when communicating with Scripture. Liberalism will be the first to be covered in this paper, as well as the most radicalRead MoreRomes Contribution to Todays Society Essay934 Words   |  4 Pagessingle most important contribution to modern society was Romes adoption of Christianity. Christianity, having its foundational roots in Judaism, was born in the midst of the Roman era. It has shaped todays society on many different levels with varying degrees of legal, political and sociological implications. Christianity was an outgrowth of Judaism, one of the three major monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) practiced during the Roman era. Monotheistic beliefs establishedRead MoreReflection On The American Culture1384 Words   |  6 PagesReflection on Class Sources American culture refers to the traditions and practices of the people of the United States. Culture comprises of the nature of buildings, religion, music language and marriage. The population of the United States is more than 320 million people making it the most culturally diverse country in the globe. Books such as Crabgrass Frontier, Manifest Destination and Muscular Christianity are important sources of information about American culture. This paper is a reflection on the methodsRead MoreHow Religion Can Boost Gdp By Increasing Trust Within A Society1225 Words   |  5 PagesChristianity is by far the largest religious group which is then followed closely by Islam. All over the world, Christianity seems to be growing more and more steadily. It also seems that in some cases, it actually boosts an economy positively. It was stated in â€Å"The Telegraph† that by the year 2030 China will become the worlds most â€Å"Christian Nation.† Even though the United States i s currently the largest Christian nation in the world, it will soon become second to China. Yes so called communistRead MoreReligion : The United States And The European Union1648 Words   |  7 Pagesboth our individual and collective life (Hajizadeh, 2013). Religion plays an integral role in every country whether it is a third-world country, such as some African or Middle Eastern countries, or industrialized capitalist countries like the United States and the European Union. Over the past few decades many global events have brought religion’s growing influence over society, especially its role in affecting politics (Hajizadeh, 2013). The biggest religious event/influence in recent years wouldRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1287 Words   |  6 Pageswas a social reformer, statesman, orator and writer in the United States. Douglass believed in the equality of every individual of different races, gender or immigrants. In this book, Douglass narrated the life of a slave in the United States into finer details. This paper will give a description of life a slave in the United States was living, as narrated through the experiences of Fredrick Douglass. Life of a slave in the United States The narrative begins by informing the readers that slavesRead MoreAmerican Grace : How Religion Divides And Unites Us912 Words   |  4 Pagesby Robert Wuthnow, give different thoughts to religion and politics in the United States. Putnam and Campbell utilize the concepts of shocks and aftershocks to highlight religious changes in the United States. On the other hand, Wuthnow uses observations to focus on the encounters of religious diversity in the United States. Wuthnow compares American Christianity with other popular religions in America and how Christianity has affected the perception of religion. Putnam and Campbell’s â€Å"American Grace:Read MoreA Short Note On The Edict Of Milan873 Words   |  4 Pages After the fascinating discoveries from Marco Polo, another event that was significant throughout Western Civilization is the Edict of Milan. The Edict of Milan was a declaration that permanently established religious tolerance for Christianity within the Roman Empi re. The outcome of the political agreement concluded, of course, in Milan, between emperors of Constantine I and Licinius, in February 313. The declaration, was made for the East by Licinius, granting all people the freedom of any religionRead MoreThe Protestant Denomination Of The United States1656 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity is one of the many religions practiced most vigorously in the United States. Being the most observed, it ranks at Eighty-three percent (83%) of the national religious population, says Gary Langer from ABC news. Although the Christian community reeks of dominance through their vast diversity in denominations, their large presence ironically also poses as one of the many reasons why it stands just equally as polarized and counterproductive. By the 1830s, the Protestant denomination whichRead MoreIslam’S Nationalism, Ethnicity, And Religion . Since The1469 Words   |  6 Pagescompared to most. Christianity is one of the biggest and most known religions in modern day. However, if we compare the two we can see that they are different, but similar in many aspects and backgrounds. Comparing the two will entail a better understanding on the importance, impact, and approaches that one can pursue to better define Islam and Christianity’s impact in modern day. First, understanding the background and core of Islam is vital to better understating its development and impact. Islam was

Clinical Psychology and Gerontology Dilemma of Older Women

Question: Describe about the Clinical Psychology and Gerontology for the Dilemma of Older Women. Answer: 1. Feminization of ageing refers to the dilemma of older women, which is exacerbated by a lifetime discrimination based on gender. The nature of the ageing women is such that the women have a tendency to survive longer in comparison to men. The feminization of ageing syndrome in Singapore is prevalent and is a rising issue with respect to the health and social services (Thang, 2014). In Singapore, the older women are not sufficiently prepared for old age. In Singapore, the roles based on gender, performance and outcomes of health are formed by societal, political, economic and cultural factors in comparison to the biological factor alone. Numerous data have revealed that, approximately women in the world survive longer in comparison to the men in Singapore (DiGiacomo et al., 2013). It has been observed that older men get married to younger women and as a result of this, the women are expected to live longer due to the death of their partners and this leads them to live in old age hom e as widows in Singapore. This makes them helpless and due to this, their health deteriorates. In Singapore, several older women are are facing inequities associated with health and are frequently imperceptible within the discourse of the policy of ageing. The reasons of feminization of ageing in Singapore include the traditional practices that are associated with widowhood and lead the older women to encounter violence and mistreatment. It poses a risk to the health as well as being (Jain, Koolwal Goel, 2016). In Singapore, an elderly woman living alone may not make out how or where to access the health care and services of welfare alone. Further, a woman who typically survives longer is more likely to experience disadvantages in accessing food, education, health care, work, political autonomy and social security over her life as compared to a man (Buys, 2014). The reasons of feminization of ageing in Singapore include the collective disadvantages, which indicate that the older women are more expected to be poor as compared to men. In addition, the older women are also probable to suffer from disabilities and encounter social disadvantages (Phua, 2014). In Singapore, population ageing is predominantly rapid in case of women, which results in feminization of ageing due to lower mortality rates in the population of women (Shankardass, 2016). The older women who live alone in this country do not have sufficient resources and support and the most important reason, which makes them to live like this, is increase longevity. In a majority of residential aged care facilities, there is more number of women as compared to the men and they have distinctive concerns and issues. Approximately, in not less than thirty-five countries, women have a life expectancy of more than eighty years (Jain, Koolwal Goel, 2016). They had to face the ultimate challenges, as most of them do not have sufficient support as well as resources. Due to this, they are not able to manage their own expenses of living. Women are adversely affected by widowhood in terms of their mental and physical health conditions. An older woman living alone is more probable to be at r isk to experience social isolation, loneliness together with lack of societal support (Arun ak?ro?lu-evik, 2013). The self-determination theory deals with the motivation as well as personality of humans, which involves the individuals inbuilt tendency of growth as well as psychological needs. This theory is concerned with enthusiasm and supports the natural tendencies of humans for behaving in effectual as well as healthy ways (DiGiacomo et al., 2013). It involves the motivation behind the peoples choices, which they make without any interference or external influence. This theory can explain the resilience and resourcefulness of older woman living in Singapore more effectively. In older women of Singapore, a view of their present life conditions can be expressed by means of resilience (Thang, 2014). The older women in Singapore are expected to possess the ability of regaining the functioning level at which they were operating before any challenge. Resilience can be defined as the capability of maintaining and regaining sufficient levels of functioning in terms of threats and losses. It consists of the resources, which can be activated during stress for aiding to return to the former state prior to trauma or stress. The self-determination theory can also demonstrate their life as children and younger females (Buys, 2014). In older women of Singapore, a number of processes associated with them have an influence on their capacity to adapt with respect to their age. Several aspects of the psychological sphere of influence are concerned with resilience and resourcefulness in older woman (Phua, 2014). It has been indicated by a number of researches that the older women whose possess a multi-faceted self-sense such as using several self-associated processes like adjustment of goals and social comparison are not greatly affected by depression or physical condition (Shankardass, 2016). Several studies have reported that the older women utilize different self-protective mechanisms for maintaining their views and feelings concerning themselves. It has also been reported by a number of researchers that the determination of women enables them to remain strong in spite of the depressing circumstances (Phua, 2014). The older women possess the ability of transcending the hardships in their lives through caring relat ionships and forgiveness (DiGiacomo et al., 2013). 2. The level of stress experienced by two family caregivers of an elderly person above 65 years has been assessed by Zarit Burden Interview- 22-item scale. It consists of questions that are associated with the level of stress which is experienced by the family caregiver who provide are to the elderly person over 65 years. The two family givers has been provide with the questionnaire of the Zarit Burden Interview-2 scale and were told to give their individual responses. The responses of the two individuals have been provided in the appendix section. One of the two family care givers has reported that he is suffering from higher levels of stress and depression while providing care to the elderly individual. On the other hand the second person does not feels that he is overburdened and is suffering from depression while provide care to the elderly patient. It has also been reported by the researchers that, there is a dramatic enhancement in the risk of consequences of mental health among the individuals who spends more than 36 hours in a week in providing care to the elderly person. According to the first individual, it is not less burdening as he is also suffers from physical and mental problems while providing care to the elderly person. He has reduced levels of happiness and comfort in comparison to their neighbors who do not have any elderly person in their home. A number of studies have reported the individuals who are involved with the caregiving of the elderly person have an increased propensity of developing serious illnes s and a weakened immune system that leads to recurrent infection and enhanced risk of other diseases (Richardson et al., 2013). The caregivers are less probable of being engaged in protective behaviors of health. The spouses who provided care to their counterparts more than thirty-six hours a week, are somewhat more probable to acquire the habit of smoking and consuming additional saturated fat (Ostwald et al., 2015). It has been reported by nearly 70% of the caregivers that they did not go the doctor as required by the elderly person and more than 56% of the caregivers have missed the appointments. One of the caregivers has reported that the procedure of caregiving has made his physical health worsened. Few days back, the other caregiver has exhibited an exaggerated cardiovascular response towards the stressful conditions which is putting the caregiver at an enhanced risk. It has also been reported by one of the caregivers that he is using is psychotropic drugs in order to get relief from the stress which is being experienced by him on a daily basis while providing care to the elderly patient. The family caregivers possess a greater risk to develop high levels of aggression in comparison to the non-caregivers (Padierna et al., 2013). The higher rates of the symptoms of depression along with problems of mental health among the caregivers, together with the fatigue of caring for the elderly, who are not capable of performing the activities of daily living, put several caregivers at a severe risk for the outcomes of poor health (Hou et al., 2013).Certainly, the effect of giving ca re to the elderly person can result in enhanced in healthcare requirements of the caregiver (Caqueo-Urzar et al., 2014). According to one of the two caregivers, he is suffering from a physical stress while providing care to the elderly as the elderly person is not able to walk and take bath on his own. The second caregiver feels positive as he is having a sense of contentment for a number of reasons like observing the improvements in the health of elderly person, fulfilling a responsibility of being a son and caring for his parent. The association between satisfaction and physical care is has been explored by a number of researchers among middle-aged children caring for their aged parents in late life (Walsh, 2015). It has been found that the satisfaction level is reduced as the level of physical care gets increases (Bakas Burgener, 2015). In some of the cases, it has been observed that the caregivers are not prepared for providing care and possess insufficient knowledge for delivering proper care to the elderly person (Richardson et al., 2013). In addition, the healthcare professionals give limited help to the caregivers to manage their duties of giving care to the elderly person. Several studies have reported that the individuals who are involved with caregiving of the elderly person have an increased tendency of developing serious illness. One of the biggest challenges, which they face, involves the interaction with the doctors and the nurses in the hospital settings when the elderly person is hospitalized and at the time of discharge (Roth, Fredman Haley, 2015). Besides all these, the caregivers do no find time for themselves as most of the time they are busy in taking care of the elderly person. A research outlook has stated that around forty percent to seventy percent of family caregivers suffer from severe depr ession (Li, Mak Loke, 2013). This stress has the potential to reduce the life expectancy of the care givers by ten years. The caregivers are less likely of being engaged in protective behaviors of health. The caregivers of a family have a greater risk for developing higher levels of anger in as compared to the non-caregivers (Padierna et al., 2013). The higher rates of the depressive symptoms together with problems of mental health among the caregivers, and the fatigue associated with the care of the elder persons, who does not possess the ability to perform the activities of daily living, put numerous caregivers at a serious risk for the outcomes of poor health (Caqueo-Urzar et al., 2014). The burden of caregiving together with strain has been associated with the poor healthy condition of the caregiver, high use of drugs and increased risks in health behaviours (Bakas Burgener, 2015). It has been reported by several researchers that the caregivers poses a risk foe experiencing sl eep disturbances, fatigue and reduced functioning of the immune system (Richardson et al., 2013). In my opinion, the Zarit Burden Interview is easy to use as from it, the caregivers responses can be known with respect to the process of providing care to the elderly person. ZBT is a popular self-report of the caregiver which is used by a several ageing agencies. In my opinion, it questions has helped me in knowing the response of the two individuals in terms of care giving to the elderly person. Between the two family caregivers, one of them has scored high in the interview and can be referred to the NTUC Eldercare Singapore (Li, Mak Loke, 2013). It has been established in the year 1999 and it provides eldercare services that reasonable to the individuals who earn a limited income. It serves as a place where the elderly persons can be provided care by the professionals. This individual should be referred to this agency since he is not able to take care of the elderly person in a proper manner and he is frustrated as he is not able to concentrate on his career and health needs. Ma ny of the times, he missed the doctors appointments. Hence, he needs to take the elderly patient to this agency so that they can take care of him in an appropriate manner. References Arun, ., ak?ro?lu-evik, A. (2013). Quality of life in an ageing society.Zeitschrift fr Gerontologie und Geriatrie,46(8), 734-739. Bakas, T., Burgener, S. C. (2015). Predictors of emotional distress, general health, and caregiving outcomes in family caregivers of stroke survivors.Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. Buys, Y. M. (2014). Aging and feminization of the physician workforce in Canada: Comparing ophthalmologists to all other physicians.Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology/Journal Canadien d'Ophtalmologie,49(3), 291-296. Caqueo-Urzar, A., Miranda-Castillo, C., Girldez, S. L., Maturana, S. L. L., Prez, M. R., Tapia, F. M. (2014). An updated review on burden on caregivers of schizophrenia patients.Psicothema,26(2), 235-243. DiGiacomo, M., Lewis, J., Nolan, M. T., Phillips, J., Davidson, P. M. (2013). Health transitions in recently widowed older women: a mixed methods study.BMC health services research,13(1), 1. Hou, R. J., Wong, S. S., Yip, B. K., Hung, A. T., Lo, H. M., Chan, P. H., ... Mercer, S. W. (2013). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction program on the mental health of family caregivers: a randomized controlled trial.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics,83(1), 45-53. Jain, N., Koolwal, A., Goel, A. (2016). Journal of Community Medicine Health Education. Li, Q. P., Mak, Y. W., Loke, A. Y. (2013). Spouses' experience of caregiving for cancer patients: a literature review.International Nursing Review,60(2), 178-187. Ostwald, S. K., Bernal, M. P., Cron, S. G., Godwin, K. M. (2015). Stress experienced by stroke survivors and spousal caregivers during the first year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.Topics in stroke rehabilitation. Padierna, A., Martn, J., Aguirre, U., Gonzlez, N., Muoz, P., Quintana, J. M. (2013). Burden of caregiving amongst family caregivers of patients with eating disorders.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology,48(1), 151-161. Phua, K. H. (2014). Health Systems and Population Ageing in the Asia-Pacific Region: Challenges and Policy Options for the Future. Richardson, T. J., Lee, S. J., Berg-Weger, M., Grossberg, G. T. (2013). Caregiver health: health of caregivers of Alzheimers and other dementia patients.Current psychiatry reports,15(7), 1-7. Roth, D. L., Fredman, L., Haley, W. E. (2015). Informal caregiving and its impact on health: A reappraisal from population-based studies.The Gerontologist, gnu177. Shankardass, M. K. (2016). Women and aging: An international, intersectional power perspective. Thang, L. L. (2014). An Active Ageing Approach to Living Alone: Older Men and Women Living in Rental Flats in Singapore.Gender and Ageing: Southeast Asian Perspectives,229, 198. Walsh, F. (2015).Strengthening family resilience. Guilford Publications.

The Slide Rule Essays - Logarithms, Binary Operations,

The Slide Rule The slide rule is mechanical device used by mostly engineers and scientists for fast and accurate multiplication, division, to find roots and powers, and other simple math problems. It consists of a fixed section with upper and lower parts marked with different logarithmic scales, a center part that slides between the parts of the fixed section and is also marked with scales, and a clear cursor that can be moved to help align the scale marks. The slide rule has almost been totally eliminated because of the 1970's invention of the hand-held electronic calculator. Today it is mostly used by engineers and collected by antique collectors. A basic slide rule from the 1940's that cost thirty dollars at the time would now be worth over two hundred dollars. Most people think that the only type of slide rule is the one that is straight and almost resembles a ruler. There are really three types of slide rules. The first type is the most common one, the Mannheim. This is basically a long stick with a movable centerpiece as well as a movable window, called the center piece, to work out math problems. The second type is the circular slide rule. These are virtually the same as the Mannheim, but bent around in a circle. The cursor is a pair of radial arms that move around the center or origin. The advantage of a circular slide rule is that you can fit a longer scale within a certain area. The third type is the cylindrical slide rule. These are the hardest kind of slide rule to come by and are very rare today. They are also similar to the Mannheim's, but the scales are wrapped around a cylinder. These are the most accurate of slide rules, and also the most expensive, because they are made to be the most precise and have the longest scales to work with. The history of the slide rule dates back to 1614 when John Napier discovered the logarithm. This made it possible to perform multiplication and divisions by addition and subtraction. Even though this was a great time saver, there was still a lot of work required. The mathematician had to look up two logs, add them together, and then look for the number whose log was the sum. Edmund Gunter soon reduced the effort by drawing a number line in which the positions of numbers were proportional to their logs. The scale started at one because the log of one is zero. Two numbers could be added by measuring the distance from the beginning of the scale to one factor with a pair of dividers, then moving them to start at the other factor and reading the number at the combined distance. In 1621, William Oughtred simplified things further by taking two of Gunter's lines and sliding them relative to each other which eliminated the dividers. In the years that followed, other people refined Oughtred's design into a sliding bar held in place between two other bars. The first slide rule in which a sliding scale moved between two fixed sections was made in 1654. Later on, circular and cylindrical slide rules were developed. The cursor appeared on the earliest circular models, but appeared much later on straight versions. By the later 17th century, the slide rule was a common instrument with many different variations. The present form of the slide rule was developed in 1850 by a French army officer, Amedee Mannheim. It was the math tool of choice and was used by everyone from tax collectors to Sir Isaac Newton. By the 20th century, it was especially known as the engineers companion. In college campuses around the world, engineering students could be recognized by the slide rules they carried in leather cases and strapped to their belts. Yet, what commonly happens to most inventions happened to the slide rule. The once great math tool was then almost irrelevant when Hewlett-Packard introduced the HP 35 pocket scientific calculator in the early 1970's. Since then you usually only find slide rules in an engineer's desk or at an antique shop. The basic slide rule instructions start out with multiplying numbers on the slide rule. To multiply